Organic farming. Organic farming is “an agricultural production system that aims to respect the environment, natural balances and biodiversity, while offering consumers genuine products obtained in accordance with the cycle of nature” (Sinab, National Information System for Organic Farming). It is regulated by specific EU and national provisions.

Agriturismo. Agriturismo is defined as hospitality activities carried out by agricultural entrepreneurs through the use of their own farm, in connection with cultivation, forestry and livestock breeding activities (Article 2, paragraph 1 of Law no. 96 of 20 February 2006). Agriturismo activities include: a) serving meals and drinks made mainly with the farm’s own products and those of local farms (“agriturismi with catering”); b) hospitality in accommodation or open areas for campers (“agriturismi with lodging”); and c) recreational, cultural, educational, sports, excursion and horse-riding activities (“agriturismo experiences”) (Article 2, paragraph 3 of Law no. 96 of 20 February 2006).

Vine-growing farm. This is an agricultural business that cultivates vines predominantly or exclusively and therefore owns land dedicated to the production of wine grapes and/or table grapes.

Wine-producing company. This term identifies agricultural businesses devoted to wine production and all activities related to viticulture. In this report, the term “winery” is used with the same meaning.

Wine company open to tourism (or with visitor hospitality services). This is generally a wine-producing business that also offers hospitality services, including guided tours, tastings and accommodation. In this report, these services are detailed only where specific analysis is provided; see the relevant sections and notes for details.

Craft beer. This is defined as “beer produced by small independent breweries and not subjected, during production, to pasteurisation or microfiltration. For the purposes of this provision, a small independent brewery is one that is legally and economically independent from any other brewery, uses physically separate facilities, does not operate under licence from another party’s intellectual property rights, and whose annual production does not exceed 200,000 hectolitres, including quantities brewed on behalf of third parties” (Article 35, paragraph 1 of Law no. 154 of 28 July 2016).

Brew-pub. A brew-pub is a venue equipped with small in-house production units that serves and sells its own beer exclusively on site, combining brewing activity with food service.

Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC). This recognition is “reserved for wines from areas already recognised, even under a different denomination, as IGT [Typical Geographical Indication] for at least five years and claimed, over the previous two years, by at least 35 percent on average of the relevant winegrowers, representing at least 35 percent of the production of the area concerned” (Article 33, paragraph 2 of Law no. 238 of 12 December 2016).

Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin (DOCG). This recognition “is reserved for wines already recognised as DOC and for specifically delimited areas or types of a DOC for at least seven years, considered of particular value because of their intrinsic quality characteristics and acquired commercial reputation, and claimed over the previous two years by at least 51 percent on average of the vineyard operators listed in the vineyard register and representing at least 51 percent of the total registered vineyard area eligible for the designation” (Article 33, paragraph 1 of Law no. 238 of 12 December 2016).

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO / DOP). A designation of origin is “a name identifying a product: a) originating in a specific place, region or, in exceptional cases, country; b) whose quality or characteristics are essentially or exclusively due to a particular geographical environment and its inherent natural and human factors; and c) whose production steps all take place in the defined geographical area” (Article 5, paragraph 1 of EU Regulation no. 1151/2012). In the case of wine products, it also implies that the grapes come exclusively from that geographical area and that the product is obtained from Vitis vinifera varieties (Article 93, paragraph 1(a) of EU Regulation no. 1308/2013). Italian DOCG and DOC wines fall under this category, as set out in Article 3, paragraph 1(d) of Law no. 238 of 12 December 2016.

Food and wine experience. This term refers to a tourism experience through which the visitor can discover and engage with local food and wine culture. This study considered 26 types of experiences, identified through the analysis and interpretation of previous studies (TAMS, 2001; TIAA, 2007; Mandala Research LLC, 2013; Garibaldi et al. 2016; Garibaldi, 2018; Robinson et al. 2018).

Olive mill. These are businesses that produce different types of oil and, in some cases, operate bottling facilities. They therefore represent the primary processing industry of the olive-oil sector and may also market the product through direct sales (Ismea, 2013).

Food service businesses. This term refers to establishments included in the ATECO code “Food and beverage service activities” (56), namely “Restaurants and mobile food service activities” (56.1), “Event catering and other food service activities” (56.2) and “Bars and other similar establishments without kitchen” (56.3). For further information see www.istat.it.

Protected Geographical Indication (PGI / IGP). A geographical indication is “a name identifying a product: a) originating in a specific place, region or country; b) whose quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to its geographical origin; and c) whose production takes place, for at least one of its stages, in the defined geographical area” (Article 5, paragraph 2 of EU Regulation no. 1151/2012). For wine products, the grapes must come at least 85% from that geographical area, production must take place there, and the product must be made from Vitis vinifera varieties or crossings between Vitis vinifera and other Vitis species (Article 93, paragraph 1(b) of EU Regulation no. 1308/2013). Italian IGT wines are included in this category, as set out in Article 3, paragraph 1(f) of Law no. 238 of 12 December 2016.

Typical Geographical Indication (IGT). This recognition “is reserved for wines from the relevant wine-growing area, provided that the application is representative of at least 20 percent on average of the relevant winegrowers and at least 20 percent of the total vineyard area declared for production in the previous two-year period” (Article 33, paragraph 3 of Law no. 238 of 12 December 2016).

Microbrewery. A microbrewery is a small brewery that is legally and economically independent, uses facilities physically separate from those of any other brewery, and has an annual production of no more than 200,000 hectolitres. This definition mirrors that of an “independent small brewery” in Article 4 of Directive 92/83/EEC of 19 October 1992.

Museum of taste. This generally refers to a public or private museum dedicated entirely or mainly to one or more agri-food or wine products, telling their history, production methods and, more broadly, the culture of work behind them. In this report, the term does not include ethnographic museums or museums dedicated to rural and peasant civilisation, which serve different purposes.

Traditional Agri-food Products (PAT). Traditional agri-food products are those “whose processing, preservation and ageing methods are consolidated over time. For the identification of traditional agri-food products, the regions and the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano verify that such methods are practised in a homogeneous manner in their territory according to traditional rules over time, and in any case for a period of not less than twenty-five years” (Article 1(a) and (b) of Decree no. 350 of 8 September 1999).

Products with Geographical Indication (GI). GI products are agri-food and wine products that have obtained one of the quality marks recognised by the European Union, namely Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG).

Mobile food service. This term refers to all businesses included in the ATECO code “Mobile food service activities” (56.10.42). For further information see www.istat.it.

Fine dining. This term identifies restaurants mentioned in at least one of Italy’s main restaurant guides and awarded a specific recognition. For the Michelin Guide this means 1, 2 or 3 stars; for the Espresso guide 1 to 5 hats and Gold Hats; for the Gambero Rosso guide it refers to awards such as “Tre Forchette”, “Tre Gamberi”, “Tre Bottiglie”, “Tre Boccali”, “Tre Mappamondi” and “Tre Cocotte”.

Restaurants and mobile food service activities. This term refers to all establishments included in the ATECO code “Restaurants and mobile food service activities” (56.1). For further information see www.istat.it.

Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG / STG). This term “designates a specific product or food: a) produced using a mode of production, processing or composition corresponding to traditional practice for that product or food; or b) produced from raw materials or ingredients traditionally used” (Article 18, paragraph 1 of EU Regulation no. 1151/2012).

Wine Routes (and food routes). Wine Routes (or Wine and Food Routes) are “signposted and promoted itineraries along which natural, cultural and environmental values, vineyards and wineries of single or associated farms open to the public are located; they are a tool through which wine territories and related productions can be promoted, commercialised and enjoyed as a tourism offering” (Article 1, paragraph 2 of Law no. 268 of 27 July 1999).

Food and wine tourism. Food and wine tourism is travel dedicated to discovering local flavours in a way that allows visitors to acquire a sense of place (World Food Travel Association, 2019).